DIED. Michel Foucault, 57, opaque, paradoxical French philosopher-historian, whose concepts of normality, deviance and the exercise of social and political control profoundly influenced psychiatry and penology in many countries and whose modes of thought and post-Marxist politics strongly affected French intellectuals, especially the "new philosophers"; of cancer; in Paris. He began by examining the concept of insanity, arguing in Madness and Civilization (1961) that society uses such ideas to impose normative standards of behavior. In The Birth of the Clinic (1963), The Order of Things (1966) and his unfinished, multivolume History of Sexuality, he reasoned that "power and knowledge directly imply one another" and that modern society seeks ever greater control through greater knowledge of individuals.

DIED. Yigael Yadin, 67, Israel's premier archaeologist and the epitome of that nation's citizen-soldier-politician tradition, who twice set aside his passion for the past, first to become a hero of the 1948 war of independence and Israeli chief of staff from 1949 to '52, later to serve as Deputy Prime Minister under Menachem Begin from 1977 to '81; of a heart attack; in Hadera, Israel. As operations chief of

Israel's illegal pre-independence army, Yadin used his knowledge of biblical history and ancient fortifications to help construct modern battle plans. Two decades later, after gaining acclaim for obtaining the Dead Sea Scrolls and other ancient manuscripts, he led the excavations at the fortress of Masada, where he proved that nearly 1,000 Jewish defenders committed suicide in A.D. 73 rather than surrender to the Romans.

DIED. Carl Foreman, 69, screenwriter and producer of such Hollywood hits as High Noon (1952) and The Guns of Navarone (1961); of cancer; in Beverly Hills, Calif. After he wrote Home of the Brave (1949), about racism, and The Men (1950), about disabled veterans, his career was interrupted in 1951 by his "uncooperative" testimony at a Red-hunting congressional inquiry. In 1958 the script he co-wrote for The Bridge on the River Kwai won an Oscar, but as a blacklistee working under a pseudonym he could not claim it.

DIED. Lillian Hellman, 79, widely considered America's leading woman playwright, whose best dramas, with their consummate craftsmanship, strong characters and precision of language, depicted the unrelenting power of evil and human perversity; of a heart attack; in Oak Bluffs, Mass. Reared in New Orleans, her birthplace, and in New York City, she scrabbled in the Depression-era literary world, living with Mystery Writer Dashiell Hammett, her longtime friend and lover, and working as a play reader before deciding to write one of her own about a malevolent adolescent: The Children's Hour (1934), a big Broadway success. She went on to write her best-known plays: The Little Foxes (1939), about the rapacity and hatred of a turn-of-the-century Southern family; Watch on the Rhine (1941), a superior thriller about fascism; and Toys in the Attic (1960). Drawn to pro-Communist causes, Hellman paid two highly uncritical visits to the Soviet Union and signed a 1938 petition defending Stalin's savage purge trials. Later, blacklisted in Hollywood and subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee, she pleaded the Fifth Amendment and uttered the now famous line, "I can't cut my conscience to fit this year's fashions"; charges against her were dropped. She published three popular volumes of memoirs, and a chapter from one of them, Pentimento (1973), was made into the critically acclaimed movie Julia in 1977.